2011-04-27

Economics in parable

种桑误国的感想

版本一
齐国本是一个海边的小国,姜太公初封时地不过方圆百里,而且很多是不适合粮食生长的盐碱地,粮食生产和人口都不多。
春秋战国时期,齐国一跃成为东方超强。究其原因,与管仲的粮食战略有很大关系。
鲁国和梁国是齐国的邻国,其百姓善织绨。绨就是一种丝线做“经”,棉线做“纬”织成的纺织品。管仲劝齐桓公穿绨料做的衣服,并且让大臣都穿。一时间,齐国上下以穿绨为时尚,国内绨价大涨。管仲趁机诱使鲁梁与其贸易并且出价远远高于市场价格。鲁国和梁国在与齐国通商的过程中大发横财,遂举国种桑,放弃农业生产。
与此同时,管仲大力发展齐国的农业生产,增加粮食储备。待时机成熟,管仲又劝齐桓公改穿帛料衣服,再不让老百姓再穿绨。管仲义闭关不与鲁梁通商。几个月后,鲁梁之民饿馁相及,此时国君幡然醒悟,然而为时已晚,粮贪不可能在短时间内产出,不得已归顺齐国。管仲用同样的方法制服了楚国和代国,分别是高价购买楚国的鹿和代国的狐皮。

另一个版本
很久以前,一个大国的皇帝命令大臣们都必须穿丝制衣服,而自己的国家只准种粮食不准种桑树。这个国家的的丝价就猛涨,大臣们都穿丝制衣服又带动了本国的有钱人都穿丝制衣服,这个国家的的丝价就涨得更高。于是,其它小国就纷纷种桑养蚕不种粮食,卖丝赚银子,不亦乐乎。过了几年,这位皇帝又突然命令全国人只准穿布衣,违者严办.并不准卖粮食给其他小国。这样这些小国的人就纷纷饿死或发生暴乱。而这位皇帝就轻易“赚取”了这些小国。
The Google translate is messy, but it's a simple story. One ancient kingdom started importing a lot of silk, while simultaneously banning domestic production and ordering food production, causing the price to rise. The silk exporting kingdoms cut back on food production and planted mulberry trees to grow more silk. Eventually, the importing kingdom stopped importing, causing the silk price to plummet, and stopped exporting food, causing the silk exporting nations to starve. The county producing food was able to conquer these countries without firing a shot.

Liu Jun Luo used this story to illustrate the strength of U.S. agricultural production.
The video is in Chinese, if you want to watch and the embedding doesn't work, here's a link to watch it. It's a children's cartoon, so one can get the gist from the images.

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